III. Tachyphylaxis is a medical term describing a rapidly decreasing response to a drug following administration of the initial doses. Tachyphylaxis to the ephedrine isomers in the isolated rabbit heart. It increases myocardial contractility, heart rate, and cardiac output (see Table 25.1). CONTRAINDICATIONS. About Endo International plc Overdose of Emerphed can cause a rapid rise in blood pressure. In untreated strips, ephedrine exhibited dose‐dependent contractions which were blocked by phenoxybenzamine. In rats, the binge administration of methamphetamine sensitizes rats … tachyphylaxis Ephedrine may deplete norepinephrine stores in sympathetic nerve endings and tachyphylaxis to the cardiac and pressor effects of the drug may develop. When given in repeated doses, tachyphylaxis occurs, probably because of depleted norepinephrine stores. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Publications studying pharmacokinetics of oral administration of (-)-ephedrine support that (-)-ephedrine is metabolized into norephedrine. These actions last for 10-15 minutes and repeated doses have a gradually decreasing effect (tachyphylaxis). None. TACHYPHYLAXIS. Mar 18, 2010. Actions and effects Ephedrine is the most potent thermogenic of the Ephedra alkaloids. Midodrine is the only FDA-approved agent for this condition. Tachyphylaxis, or a diminished response due to depleted synaptic norepinephrine, can occur with patients with low catecholamine stores or in patients receiving multiple doses of ephedrine. Mar 18, 2010. Tachyphylaxis to the effects of ephedrine may also occur after use for a short while possibly due to the depletion of noradrenaline stores. Clinicians treating anesthesia-induced hypotension with AKOVAZ (ephedrine sulfate injection) should be aware of the possibility of tachyphylaxis and should be prepared with an alternative pressor to mitigate unacceptable responsiveness. Tachyphylaxis developed to pressor responses to ephedrine and amphetamine with sequential injections; however, ephedrine tachyphylaxis differed in that subsequent responses to α-receptor agonists were attenuated. In a study by Ngan Kee et al (2001), comparing ephedrine and metaraminol during spinal anaesthesia, it was ephedrine that had the tachyphylaxis problem. Despite its long history of use as an active ingredient in herbal supplements (e.g. Ephedrine Pressor Responses to Ephedrine Are Mediated PHARMACOLOGiCAL STUDY OF THE EPHEDRINE Why does ephedrine cause Tachyphylaxis? Arch Int. Very rare (less than 0.01%): Myocardial infarction Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine that activates adrenergic receptors, increasing heart rate and blood pressure, and causing bronchodilation. Each mL contains ephedrine sulfate 50 mg in water for injection as a single-dose product. EPHEDRINE. Pharmacologic therapies have included fludrocortisone and ephedrine, but these drugs have only resulted in limited success. When given intravenously, drug effects are often of short duration (minutes), and tachyphylaxis is common. Ephedrine injection is used at delivery for the prevention and/or treatment of maternal hypotension associated with spinal anesthesia in women undergoing cesarean section (ASA, 2007). What Is An Example Of Tachyphylaxis? Ephedrine may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor. Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine that activates adrenergic receptors, increasing heart rate and blood pressure, and causing bronchodilation. Ephedrine causes an increase in systolic, diastolic, and MAPs. EMERPHED- ephedrine sulfate injection - DailyMed Yes, tachyphylaxis may occur with repetitive dosing of ephedrine What is a proposed mechanism for the tachyphylaxis associated with the use of an indirect-acting sympathomimetic such as ephedrine? "Elimination" usually implies that the drug is gone (metabolized or excreted, never to return) but there's some ambiguity to the term. The onset What Is A Tachyphylaxis In Medical Terms? – Nursa When used to prevent hypotension, ephedrine can cause an increased incidence of hypertension compared to when used to treat hypotension. Dose : 15-60 mg Route : Oral, IM, […] Ephedrine Ephedrine is a natural product of the ephedra plant (Ephedra sinica), and is a mixed-acting, noncatecholamine sympathomimetic with both direct and indirect stimulating effects on α- and β-adrenergic receptors. COWAN FF, KOPPANYI T, MAENGWYN-DAVIES GD. Ephedrine ADVERSE REACTIONS Most common adverse reactions during treatment: nausea, vomiting, and tachycardia. • Tachyphylaxis and Tolerance : Repeated administration of ephedrine may cause tachyphylaxis (5.2) Animal Toxicity Data In a study in which juvenile rats were administered intra-venous bolus doses of 2, 10, or 60 mg/kg ephedrine sulfate daily from Postnatal Day 35 to 56, an increased incidence of mortality was noted at the high dose of 60 mg/kg. Corphedra At higher doses, ephedrine causes hypertension and tachycardia. The most frequently reported side effects were nausea, vomiting, and tachycardia. Ephedrine is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist and a norepinephrine-releasing agent. Tachyphylaxis and Tolerance: Repeated administration of ephedrine may cause tachyphylaxis (5.2) ADVERSE REACTIONS Most common adverse reactions during treatment: nausea, vomiting, and tachycardia. Hypothyroidism also can manifest when noradrenaline disappears from storage vesicles during repeated administration, caused by indirect sympathomimetic agents such as ephedrine and metaraminol which … CORPHEDRA (ephedrine sulfate injection) is a clear, colorless, sterile solution for intravenous injection. Tachyphylaxis to ephedrine was studied in anesthetized cats by the following parameters: pressor responses (height and duration), heart rate, nictitating membrane contractions, and tone. Search. In the case of an overdose, careful monitoring of blood pressure is recommended. Data indicate that repeated administration of ephedrine can result in tachyphylaxis. J Pharm Sci, 52:878-883, 01 Sep 1963 Cited by: 1 article | PMID: 14061049. Pharmacological effects of the four ephedrine isomers were investigated. Tachyphylaxis to the pressor effects of ephedrine may occur with repeated administration [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]. Ephedrine mechanism of action. Tachyphylaxis to the ephedrine isomers in the isolated rabbit heart. Can also cause tachyphylaxis with repeated administration of ephedrine. Ephedrine is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist and a norepinephrine-releasing agent. Thereafter, giving ever-increasing doses will not be able to restore the effectiveness of the first bolus. ... Ephedrine. Ephedrine is an alpha-and beta-adrenergic agonist and a norepinephrine-releasing agent. Ephedrine Sulfate Injection, USP is a clear, colorless, sterile solution for intravenous injection. It must be diluted before intravenous administration. Abrahams TP, Faust ML, and Varner KJ (1996) The depletion of monoamines blocks. Both terms refer to how much time will pass until 1/2 of the substance has been cleared from the site of action (by metabolism, excretion, or redistribution). To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Nexus Pharmaceuticals at (855) 642-2594 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. Hypothyroidism also can manifest when noradrenaline disappears from storage vesicles during repeated administration, caused by indirect sympathomimetic agents such as ephedrine and metaraminol which … D(-)-Pseudoephedrine at doses of … 4 The therapeutic window is wide as patients can be given doses of 5mg up to 50mg. In repeated administration of ephedrine tachyphylaxis occurs. III. Ephedrine may increase the excretion rate of Methylprednisolone hemisuccinate which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. Methysergide may increase the hypertensive and vasoconstricting activities of Ephedrine. … Ephedrine increases both chronotropy and inotropy and therefore increases myocardial oxygen demand, and its use requires caution in patients with ischemic heart disease or heart failure. Indirect sympathomimetics: ephedrine and metaraminol both displace noradrenaline from storage vesicles; tachyphylaxis results from repeated administration because noradrenaline is depleted from said vesicles. Dose : 15-60 mg Route : Oral, IM, […] Emerphed can cause pressor effects with concomitant use with oxytocic drugs. OVERDOSAGE. Tachyphylaxis is a medical term describing a rapidly decreasing response to a drug following administration of the initial doses. Because it crosses the blood-brain barrier, ephedrine can cause agitation and insomnia. Tachyphylaxis to the bronchial effects of the drug may also occur, but it is not the result of norepinephrine depletion. It is created by eHealthMe based on reports from the FDA, and is updated regularly. CONTRAINDICATIONS. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Publications studying pharmacokinetics of oral administration of (-)-ephedrine support that (-)-ephedrine is metabolized into norephedrine. Ephedrine also has central nervous system stimulant effects. It is in the sympathomimetic class of medications. At higher doses, ephedrine causes hypertension and tachycardia. Examples of tachyphylaxis are the following: Nitroglycerine demonstrates tachyphylaxis, requiring drug-free intervals when administered transdermally; Repeated doses of ephedrine may display tachyphylaxis, since it is an indirectly acting … An alternative pressor may be needed to mitigate unacceptable responsiveness. Tachyphylaxis and Tolerance: data indicate that repeated administration of ephedrine can result in tachyphylaxis. Tachyphylaxis. The phenomenon whereby responsiveness to a drug diminishes rapidly after repeat administration, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect; Potential mechanisms; depletion of mediators, eg GTN, ephedrine; down regulation of receptors eg β -receptors, depolarising neuromuscular junction blockers THE TACHYPHYLAXIS CAUSED BY MEPHENTERMIN AND TYRAMINE. OVERDOSAGE. 11 Patients should be counselled regarding the pressor effects of sympathomimetic amines and the risk of tachyphylaxis. Thirty seconds after delivery, 2.5 IU of oxytocin in 10 ml of water was administered intravenously over a period of 30 s to all patients receiving ephedrine before delivery and to all other patients except for a subgroup of 20 consecutive patients not … Of the stimulants Ive tried, Im very sensitive to my initial dose, then subsequent doses do nothing without abstaining for a significant amount of time. Data indicate that repeated administration of ephedrine can result in tachyphylaxis. Since tachyphylaxis to ephedrine may occur, another chronotropic agent is typically substituted after 50 to … Anesthesia for living kidney donors …interfere with renal perfusion. Ephedrine causes an increase in systolic, diastolic, and MAPs. #6. pgg said: Half time = half life. The changes elicited after ephedrine tachyphylaxis in the dog femoral and rabbit aortic strips isolated from the untreated and ephedrine pre-treated animals have been studied. Clinicians treating anesthesia-induced hypotension with Ephedrine Sulfate Injection, USP should be aware of the possibility of tachyphylaxis and should be prepared with an alternative pressor to mitigate unacceptable responsiveness. Both terms refer to how much time will pass until 1/2 of the substance has been cleared from the site of action (by metabolism, excretion, or redistribution). Commonly used to treat the hypotension associated with subarachnoid (spinal) block. Ephedrine causes an increase in systolic, diastolic, and MAPs. When given in repeated doses, tachyphylaxis occurs, probably because of depleted norepinephrine stores. The effect on heart, smooth muscles of vessels and bronchi and effects on CNS are the most important effects of ephedrine. Ephedrine is a medication used in the management and treatment of clinically significant hypotension. About Endo International plc Because it crosses the blood-brain barrier, ephedrine can cause agitation and insomnia. CORPHEDRA (ephedrine sulfate injection) is a clear, colorless, sterile solution for intravenous injection. Ephedrine injection is used at delivery for the prevention and/or treatment of maternal hypotension associated with spinal anesthesia in women undergoing cesarean section (ASA, 2007). Clinicians treating anesthesia-induced hypotension with Ephedrine Sulfate Injection, USP should be aware of the possibility of tachyphylaxis and should be prepared with an alternative pressor to mitigate unacceptable responsiveness. Clinicians treating anesthesia-induced hypotension with REZIPRES® should be aware of the possibility of tachyphylaxis and should be prepared with an alternative pressor to mitigate unacceptable responsiveness. In anesthetized dogs the relative pressor potencies of D(-)-ephedrine, L(+)-ephedrine, L(+)-pseudoepherine were 100, 33, and 20, respectively. 1969 Aug;57(8):1540-51. With medical big data and AI algorithms, ... Ephedrine and Ards (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) - 13 seconds ago; 11 Patients should be counselled regarding the pressor effects of sympathomimetic amines and the risk of tachyphylaxis. Tachyphylaxis and Tolerance: data indicate that repeated administration of ephedrine can result in tachyphylaxis. Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine that activates adrenergic receptors, increasing heart rate and blood pressure, and causing bronchodilation. 38Because of this, ephedrine has a relatively slow onset of action, a relatively long duration of action, and it exhibits marked tachyphylaxis, which is thought to be related to depletion of presynaptic noradrenaline stores or persistent block of adrenergic receptors. Data indicate that repeated administration of ephedrine can result in tachyphylaxis. OVERDOSAGE . Levo or dl‐norepinephrine infusions, in contrast to epinephrine or phenylephrine infusions, given after the initial development of tachyphylaxis, produced a partial return of responses to ephedrine. These actions last for 10-15 minutes and repeated doses have a gradually decreasing effect (tachyphylaxis). Tachyphylaxis to ephedrine was studied in anesthetized cats by the following parameters: pressor responses (height and duration), heart rate, nictitating membrane contractions, and tone. Abrahams TP, Faust ML, and Varner KJ (1996) The depletion of monoamines blocks. Among the different types of tachyphylaxis are sympathomimetics: ephedrine and metaraminol both displace noradrenaline as storage vesicles are drained; typhylaxis results from repeated administration Because noradrenaline is … The drug product must … 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Publications studying pharmacokinetics of oral administration of (-)-ephedrine support that (-)-ephedrine is metabolized into norephedrine. When given in repeated doses, tachyphylaxis occurs, probably because of depleted norepinephrine stores. Ephedrine is contraindicated in a patient with acute hypertension or tachycardia. Ephedrine increases both chronotropy and inotropy and therefore increases myocardial oxygen demand, and its use requires caution in patients with ischemic heart disease or heart failure. Some observations on the mechanism of tachyphlaxis to ephedrine. most, if not all of the undesirable side-effects of ephedrine or the combination of ephedrine and caffeine subside during treatment (ie exhibit tachyphylaxis), 6,7,8,9 whereas the … Levo or dl -norepinephrine infusions, in contrast to epinephrine or phenylephrine infusions, given after the initial development of tachyphylaxis, produced a partial return of responses to ephedrine. At higher doses, ephedrine causes hypertension and tachycardia. Adverse Reactions LD50's of the isomers in mice. BACKGROUND:The pharmacological term tachyphylaxis is used to describe rapidly occurring response desensitization, a situation where the biological response to a given drug dose diminishes when it is given continuously. Ephedrine causes an increase in systolic, diastolic, and MAPs. Ephedrine causes an increase in systolic, diastolic, and MAPs. It can occur after an initial dose or after a series of small doses. 4 Warnings/Precautions. Among the different types of tachyphylaxis are sympathomimetics: ephedrine and metaraminol both displace noradrenaline as storage vesicles are drained; typhylaxis results from repeated administration Because noradrenaline is … Tolerance and Tachyphylaxis. Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine that activates adrenergic receptors, increasing heart rate and blood pressure, and causing bronchodilation. 4 The therapeutic window is wide as patients can be given doses of 5mg up to 50mg. 11 Patients should be counselled regarding the pressor effects of sympathomimetic amines and the risk of tachyphylaxis. 4 Ephedrine Sulfate Injection, 5 mg/mL is a clear, colorless, sterile, ready-to-use solution for intravenous injection. When given in repeated doses, tachyphylaxis occurs, probably because of depleted norepinephrine stores. Tachyphylaxis, or a diminished response due to depleted synaptic norepinephrine, can occur with patients with low catecholamine stores or in patients receiving multiple doses of ephedrine. This pharmacological phenomenon is well observed in some drug categories such as ephedrine, nitrates, beta blockers and H2 antagonists. Examples of tachyphylaxis are the following: Nitroglycerine demonstrates tachyphylaxis, requiring drug-free intervals when administered transdermally; Repeated doses of ephedrine may display tachyphylaxis, since it is an indirectly acting … No patient was to be given more than 5 doses of ephedrine (50 mg) because this would be interpreted as tachyphylaxis. What Is An Example Of Tachyphylaxis? At higher doses, ephedrine causes hypertension and tachycardia. ... Ephedrine crosses the placenta (Hughes, 1985). Ephedrine also has central nervous system stimulant effects. For example, yesterday I took a half dose of an EC stack; 12.5mg of ephedrine, and 100mg caffeine. DRUG INTERACTIONS Tachyphylaxis has been documented in canines at the second dose of ephedrine. Ephedrine causes an increase in systolic, diastolic, and MAPs. Warnings/Precautions. None. About Endo International plc Data indicate that repeated administration of ephedrine can result in tachyphylaxis. In the case of an overdose, careful monitoring of blood pressure is recommended. Log in Sign up. T/F tolerance is the diminished response to a drug, which occurs due to repeated exposure T/F tachyphylaxis is a form of tolerance that occurs rapidly (often within a few doses), usually due to depletion of neurotransmitter T/F ephedrine and metaraminol are equally likely to produce tachyphylaxis T/F mechanisms of opioid tolerance can include: receptor … Ephedrine causes an increase in systolic, diastolic, and MAPs. Levo or dl -norepinephrine infusions, in contrast to epinephrine or phenylephrine infusions, given after the initial development of tachyphylaxis, produced a partial return of responses to ephedrine. This pharmacological phenomenon is well observed in some drug categories such as ephedrine, nitrates, beta blockers and H2 antagonists. Ephedrine causes an increase in systolic, diastolic, and MAPs. activity. 5,6 Fludrocortisone often causes marked fluid retention and hypokalemia, while ephedrine has a short duration of action and potential for tachyphylaxis. Tachyphylaxis is a medical term describing a rapidly decreasing response to a drug following administration of the initial doses. The cardiovascular responses elicited during this pattern of chronic MDMA use have not been studied. CONTRAINDICATIONS. Repeated administration of ephedrine can result in tachyphylaxis. Pharmacokinetic data for ephedrine following intravenous administration is … Interestingly, ephedrine seems to be more susceptible to it than metaraminol. This is definitely seen with ephedrine, another indirect sympathomimetic. When given in repeated doses, tachyphylaxis occurs, probably because of depleted norepinephrine stores. At higher doses, ephedrine causes hypertension and tachycardia. There was no essential difference between the i.v. Tachyphylaxis and Tolerance: Repeated administration of ephedrine may cause tachyphylaxis (5.2) ADVERSE REACTIONS Most common adverse reactions during treatment: nausea, vomiting, and tachycardia. Pharmacological effects of the four ephedrine isomers were investigated. J Pharm Sci, 52:878-883, 01 Sep 1963 Cited by: 1 article | PMID: 14061049. Arch Int. At higher doses, ephedrine causes hypertension and tachycardia. Ephedrine : Therapeutic uses, Dosage & Side Effects Ephedrine is a adrenergic agonist (mixed acting), used as Pressor agent & for temporary relief of shortness of breath, chest tightness, and wheezing due to bronchial asthma. La respuesta adrenérgica obtenida con una dosis determinada de efedrina, disminuye progresivamente de intensidad hasta desaparecer (fenómeno de taquifilaxia ). Tachyphylaxis to the pressor effects of ephedrine may occur with repeated administration [see Warnings and Precautions 5.2]. About Endo International plc Pharmacokinetics Ephedrine is rapidly absorbed after intramuscular or subcutaneous administration. Tolerance: It means requirement of a higher dose of the drug to produce an effect, which is ordinarily produced by normal therapeutic dose of the drug Drug tolerance may be: Natural Acquired Cross tolerance Tachyphylaxis (ephedrine, tyramine, nicotine) Drug resistance 70. Overdose of Emerphed can cause a rapid rise in blood pressure. a rapid and short-term onset of drug tolerance. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Of the stimulants Ive tried, Im very sensitive to my initial dose, then subsequent doses do nothing without abstaining for a significant amount of time. Pharmacokinetics . Clinicians treating anesthesia-induced hypotension with ephedrine sulfate injection should be aware of the possibility of tachyphylaxis and should be prepared with an alternative pressor to mitigate unacceptable responsiveness. Tachyphylaxis has been documented in canines at the second dose of ephedrine. Oral Therapy with Fenoterol Hydrobromide and Ephedrine Comparison Deliberations. Tachyphylaxis and Tolerance: Repeated administration of ephedrine may cause tachyphylaxis (5.2) ADVERSE REACTIONS Most common adverse reactions during treatment: nausea, vomiting, and tachycardia. These contractile responses to ephedrine were reduced after … At higher doses, ephedrine causes hypertension and tachycardia. Ephedrine is one of the most commonly used noncatecholamine sympathomimetic drugs in the perioperative period. Miscellaneous: Tachyphylaxis. 5.2 Tolerance and Tachyphylaxis Data indicate that repeated administration of ephedrine can result in tachyphylaxis. 5.2 Tolerance and Tachyphylaxis Data indicate that repeated administration of ephedrine can result in tachyphylaxis. Ephedrine: depletion of NAd at post-ganglionic SNS nerve endings THE TACHYPHYLAXIS CAUSED BY MEPHENTERMIN AND TYRAMINE. PMID: 14097219 No abstract available. It increases myocardial contractility, heart rate, and cardiac output (see Table 25.1). TACHYPHYLAXIS. • Tachyphylaxis and Tolerance : Repeated administration of ephedrine may cause tachyphylaxis (5.2) Animal Toxicity Data In a study in which juvenile rats were administered intra-venous bolus doses of 2, 10, or 60 mg/kg ephedrine sulfate daily from Postnatal Day 35 to 56, an increased incidence of mortality was noted at the high dose of 60 mg/kg. Warnings/Precautions. Drugs subject fo tachyphylaxis. This study analyzes which people have Tachyphylaxis with Turmeric and Bentyl. The chemical name of ephedrine sulfate is (1R,2S)-(-)-2-methylamine-1-phenylpropan-1-ol sulfate, and the molecular weight is 428.5 g/mol. Pharmacodyn Ther 174: 454 –468. Stimulant tachyphylaxis - posted in Brain Health: Ive always developed tolerance to stimulants very rapidly. Since tachyphylaxis to ephedrine may occur, another chronotropic agent is typically substituted after 50 to … Anesthesia for living kidney donors …interfere with renal perfusion. [Article in Chinese] Authors T C YANG, C S JANG. It increases myocardial contractility, heart rate, and cardiac output (see Table 25.1). COWAN FF, KOPPANYI T, MAENGWYN-DAVIES GD. Tachyphylaxis to ephedrine was studied in anesthetized cats by the following parameters: pressor responses (height and duration), heart rate, nictitating membrane contractions, and tone. LD50's of the isomers in mice. Pharmacokinetics Ephedrine is rapidly absorbed after intramuscular or subcutaneous administration. … LINCOLNSHIRE, Ill.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Nexus Pharmaceuticals, Inc.., a U.S.-based healthcare company and domestic pharmaceutical manufacturer, has received a patent covering applications of EMERPHED ® Ready-To-Use Ephedrine Sulfate Injection, the first FDA-approved premixed ephedrine in a ready-to-use 50 mg/10 mL vial.The United States Patent and … , 1985 ) drug may also occur after use for a short while possibly due to effects... 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Ncbi Bookshelf < /a > 13 in some drug categories such as aortic stenosis is ( )! It causes tachycardia a clear, colorless, sterile solution for intravenous Injection Injection! //Www.Hikma.Com/Newsroom/Article-I4988-Hikma-Launches-Ephedrine-Sulfate-Injection-Usp/ '' > NDC 42023-243 ephedrine Sulfate Injection, USP is a clear, colorless, sterile solution for Injection. Documented in canines at the second dose of ephedrine alpha-and beta-adrenergic agonist and a norepinephrine-releasing.. Often of short duration ( minutes ), and is updated regularly 10-15 minutes repeated. And beta-adrenergic agonist and a norepinephrine-releasing agent respuesta adrenérgica obtenida con una dosis determinada de,... H2 antagonists sterile solution for intravenous Injection tachyphylaxis III system stimulant effects reports from the FDA, and output! Norepinephrine depletion effectiveness of the drug may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor been! For 10-15 minutes and repeated doses, ephedrine can cause agitation and insomnia to. A norepinephrine-releasing agent will not be able to restore the effectiveness of the drug may also be used other... 5Mg up to 50mg rate and blood pressure is recommended ( Hughes, 1985 ) and! Desaparecer ( fenómeno de taquifilaxia ) with Turmeric and Bentyl is rapidly absorbed tachyphylaxis ephedrine intramuscular subcutaneous... ( spinal ) block //onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jps.2600520914 '' > tachyphylaxis to the effects of amines! Ephedrine isomers in the isolated rabbit heart your doctor of sympathomimetic amines and the risk of tachyphylaxis Mediated /a...
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